NEUROECONOMICS: A CONTEMPORARY SCIENTIFIC FIELD AND INNOVATIVE APPROACH AS A SIGNIFICANT FACTOR OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

Article author: 
Dragan Kolev, Ana Njegovanović, Petar Krešimir Ćosić
Year the article was released: 
2015
Edition in this Year: 
2
Article abstract: 

NEUROECONOMICS: A CONTEMPORARY SCIENTIFIC FIELD AND INNOVATIVE APPROACH AS A SIGNIFICANT FACTOR OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
Summary: The process of making adequate economic and fi nancial decisions represents a crucial aspect in economics, which implies a choice of specifi c alternative methods in decision making. A Signifi cant portion of scientifi c discussions are concerned with the nature of the decision making process, as well as the dominant factors that infl uence this process. Historical scientifi c trends in Economics include various approaches and analytical challenges regarding problems encountered in economic/fi nancial decision making. Besides classical economic and fi nancial theories, research endeavors have included numerous other scientifi c disciplines in an eff ort to thoroughly investigate this issue. Increased attention has been recently focused on psychological aspects of economic behavior within the contemporary discipline of economics, specifi cally in the domain of corporate economic and fi nancial decision making and the market role. Contemporary Economics has been placing an increased focus on consumer behavior, as well as psychological factors that impact economic decisions. As a result, new theoretical concepts have recently off ered new insights into the process of economic/fi nancial decision making. Beside the recent trend of behavioral economics (behavioral fi nance) within the last few decades, a plethora of disciplines with the prefi x ‘neuro’ have been around, including neuroeconomics and neurofi nance, which are particularly signifi cant for our paper. Neuroeconomics and neurofi nance is a dynamic and promising research fi eld, which relates economic and fi nancial concepts, social and cognitive psychology to neurology with the aim to shed more light on the process of economic and fi nancial decision making. Neuroscientifi c techniques and tools that refl ect brain activities in the process of economic and fi nancial decision making are available, such as electroencephalogram (EEG) and functional magnetic resonance (fMR). Managers and executives face new challenges of economic development in complex economic environments. Neuroeconomics represents a successful alternative support in an eff ort to resolve economic recession problems. Taking this into consideration, neuroeconomics as a new scientif discipline, represents an innovative approach that could infl uence economic development.
Keywords: neuroeconomicsn, neurofinance, brain mapping, risk taking, economic development

NEUROEKONOMIJA KAO SAVREMENA METODA ISTRAŽIVANJA DONOŠENJA EKONOMSKIH ODLUKA
Rezime: Jedan od ključnih momenata u ekonomiji je donošenje adekvatnih ekonomskih/finansijskih odluka koji podrazumeva izbor određene alternative. Značajne stručne i naučne rasprave se vode oko same prirode procesa donošenja odluka kao i o dominantnim faktorima koji na nju utiču. Istorija ekonomske misli beleži različite pristupe i analitičke izazove pred problemom donošene ekonomskih/finansijskih odluka. U nastojanju da ovaj problem svestrano sagleda naučnici su pored saznanja klasične ekonomske/finansijske teorije uključivali i brojne druge naučne discipline. U poslednje vreme se sve više pažnja savremene ekonomije fokusira na psihološke aspekte ekonomskog ponašanja odnosno na onome što je domen donošenja korporativnih ekonomskih/finansijskih odluka i uloge tržišta. Savremena ekonomija sve više pažnje poklanja potrošačkom ponašanju ali i psihološkim faktorima koji utiču na ekonomske odluke. Kao rezultat toga pojavile su se novi teorijski koncepti koji su ponudili nova objašnjenja procesa donošenja ekonomskih/finansijskih odlika. Pored bihevioralne ekonomije (bihevioralne finansije), poslednjih decenija se u akademskoj javnosti pojavio buket disciplina koje su u svom nazivu imale prefiks „neuro“ među kojima su za naš rad naročito značajni neuroekonomija i neurofinansije. 

Neuroekonomija/neurofinansije su dinamična i perspektivna polja istraživanja koje spaja koncepte ekonomije/finansija, socijalne i kognitivne psihologije sa neurologijom u nastojanju da se bolje razume sam proces ekonomskog/finansijskog odlučivanja, odnosno mehanizmima i modela donošenja ekonomskih/finansijskih odluka. Na raspolaganju joj stoje neuronaučne tehnike i alati oslikavanja aktivnosti mozga u procesu donošenja ekonomskih/finansijskih odluka kao što su elektroencefalogram (EEG) ili funkcionalna magnetna rezonanca (fMR). U složenim uslovima ekonomskog privređivanja menadžeri se nalaze pred novim izazovima ekonomskog razvoja. Nastojeći da razreše probleme ekonomske recesije u neuroekonomiji su našli uspešan alternativni oslonac. Imajući ovo u vidu može se reči da neuroekonomija, kao mlada naučna disciplina, predstavlja inovativni pristup koji se može staviti u funkciju privrednog razvoja.
Ključne reči: neuroekonomija, neurofinansije, oslikavanje moždane aktivnosti, preuzimanje rizika, privredni razvoj